Food poisoning also referred to as food borne illness, is very common an indeed is preventable. Basic food safety habits that will go a long way in preventing your family from getting food borne illness. As you prepare your children’s and family’s food, even purées for young babies, it is important to understand how to prevent food borne illness, which can be dangerous for all members of your family, but especially to babies and young children. Food borne illness is caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or beverage. Most food borne illnesses are caused by microscopic, disease-causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, bacteria are the leading cause of food borne illnesses.
Some types of bacteria grow in food and in your digestive system once you eat the contaminated food. Salmonella is a common example of this type of bacteria. It is most often found in poultry, pork, water, and unpasteurized milk. Other types of bacteria produce toxins. E. Coli (Escherichia coli) is an example of bacteria that can produce toxins. Some toxins can lead to severe and fatal illness.
Food borne Illnesses Prevention:
- Wash your hands very well:
- Encourage frequent hand washing among all family members.
- Cook and reheat foods very well, to 74º C (165º F) or higher.
- Refrigerate foods promptly at 4º C (40º F) or lower.
- Freeze foods properly at minus 18º C (0º F) or lower.
- Keep your kitchen clean by washing counters, cutting boards, knives, and other equipment after each meal.
- Sanitize counters, cutting boards, knives, and other equipment with a mild bleach solution.
- To prevent infant botulism, a very dangerous infection, do not give honey to babies less than one year of age.
- Do not use or consume unpasteurized milk or milk products.
Meat, poultry, eggs and fish | Temperature |
---|---|
Beef, veal and lamb (pieces and whole cuts) | |
Medium-rare | 63°C (145°F) |
Medium | 71°C (160°F) |
Well done | 77°C (170°F) |
Mechanically tenderized beef (solid cut) | |
Beef, veal | 63°C (145°F) |
Steak (turn over at least twice during cooking) | 63°C (145°F) |
Pork (for example, ham, pork loin, ribs) | |
Pork (pieces and whole cuts) | 71°C (160°F) |
Ground meat and meat mixtures (for example, burgers, sausages, meatballs, meatloaf and casseroles) | |
Beef, veal, lamb and pork | 71°C (160°F) |
Poultry (for example, chicken, turkey) | 74°C (165°F) |
Poultry (for example, chicken, turkey, duck) | |
Pieces | 74°C (165°F) |
Whole | 82°C (180°F) |
Egg | |
Egg dishes | 74°C (165°F) |
Seafood | |
Fish | 70°C (158°F) |
Shellfish (for example, shrimp, lobster, crab, scallops, clams, mussels and oysters) (Since it is difficult to use a food thermometer to check the temperature of shellfish, discard any that do not open when cooked. Learn more.) | 74°C (165°F) |
Others | |
Others (for example, hot dogs, stuffing, leftovers) | 74°C (165°F) |
Game | Temperature |
Chops, steaks and roasts (deer, elk, moose, caribou/reindeer, antelope and pronghorn) | |
Well done | 74°C (165°F) |
Ground meat | |
Ground meat and meat mixtures | 74°C (165°F) |
Ground venison and sausage | 74°C (165°F) |
Large game | |
Bear, bison, musk-ox, walrus, etc. | 74°C (165°F) |
Small game | |
Rabbit, muskrat, beaver, etc. | 74°C (165°F) |
Game birds/waterfowl (for example, wild turkey, duck, goose, partridge and pheasant) | |
Whole | 82°C (180°F) |
Breasts and roasts | 74°C (165°F) |
Thighs, wings | 74°C (165°F) |
Stuffing (cooked alone or in bird) | 74°C (165°F) |
Food | Refrigerator (4ºC/40ºF) |
Freezer (-18ºC/0ºF) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Meat, poultry and eggs | |||
Fresh beef, veal, lamb, and pork | steaks | 3-4 days | 6-12 months |
chops | 3-4 days | 4-6 months | |
roasts | 3-5 days | 4-12 months | |
Variety meats: tongue, liver, heart, and kidneys | 1-2 days | 3-4 months | |
Ham | cooked whole ham | 7 days | 1-2 months |
cooked half ham | 6-7 days | 1-2 months | |
cooked slices | 3-4 days | 1-2 months | |
Hamburger and stew meat | 1-2 days | 2-4 months | |
Ground turkey, veal, pork, and lamb | 1-2 days | 3-4 months | |
Chicken and turkey | whole | 1-2 days | 1 year |
pieces | 1-2 days | 6-9 months | |
Giblets (heart, liver, kidney and gizzard) | 1-2 days | 3-4 months | |
Hot dogs (Use by ‘Best Before’ date) | opened package | 1 week | 2 weeks |
unopened package | 2-3 months | 2-3 months | |
Luncheon meat (Use by ‘Best Before’ date) | opened package | 3- 5 days | 1- 2 months |
unopened package | 2 weeks | 1- 2 months | |
Bacon and sausages (Use by ‘Best Before’ date) | bacon | 7 days | 1 month |
raw sausage (chicken, turkey, pork and beef) | 1-2 days | 2-3 months | |
Eggs | fresh raw | Use by ‘Best Before’ date | 4 months (blended eggs) |
fresh yolk and white | 2 – 4 days | 4 months | |
hard cooked eggs | 1 week | Not recommended | |
Game | |||
Small game (for example rabbit, and squirrel) | 1-2 days | 6-12 month | |
Big game such as venison (for example deer, elk, moose, caribou/reindeer, antelope and pronghorn) and bison | 2-4 days | 6-12 months | |
Ground meat from game | 1-2 days | 2-3 months | |
Game stew, soup or casseroles | 3-4 days | 2-3 months | |
Opened canned game products (for example soup and stew) | 3-4 days | 2-3 months | |
Raw wild birds (for example, whole duck, pheasant, goose and ptarmigan) | 1-2 days | 3-6 months | |
Cooked duck or goose | 3-4 days | 2-3 months | |
Raw giblets | 1-2 days | 3-4 months | |
Fish | |||
Cooked fish | 1-2 days | 4-6 months | |
Fatty fish: mullet, ocean and sea perch, char, sea trout, striped bass, salmon, mackerel, bluefish and tuna | 2-3 days | 2-3 month | |
Pollock, ocean perch and sea trout | 2-3 days | 4 months | |
Fresh lean fish: cod, flounder, haddock, halibut and perch | 2-3 days | 3-6 months | |
Smoked fish | Herring | 3-4 days | 2 months |
Cold-smoked salmon and white fish | 5-8 days | 2 months | |
Hot-smoked salmon and white fish | 14 days | 6 months | |
Other smoked fish | 1-2 weeks | 4-5 weeks | |
Opened canned fish | 1 day | Not recommended | |
Shellfish | |||
Lobster | Cooked | 1-2 days | 6-12 months |
Tails | 1-2 days | 6 months | |
Shrimp | Raw | 1-2 days | 6-12 months |
Cooked | 3-4 days | 3 months | |
Crab | Cooked | 3-5 days | 2 months |
Clams and mussels | De-shelled (shucked) | 1-2 days | 3-4 months |
Scallops | De-shelled (shucked) | 1-2 days | 3-4 months |
Live oysters | De-shelled (shucked) | 1-2 days | 3-4 months |
Opened canned shellfish | 1 day | Not recommended | |
Leftovers and prepared foods | |||
Leftover cooked meat and poultry | meat and casseroles | 3-4 days | 2-3 months |
gravy and meat broth | 3-4 days | 2-3 months | |
fried chicken | 3-4 days | 4 months | |
poultry casseroles | 3-4 days | 4-6 months | |
plain poultry pieces | 3-4 days | 4 months | |
pieces covered with broth or gravy | 3-4 days | 6 months | |
Prepared salads | macaroni salad and tuna salad | 3-5 days | Not recommended (does not freeze well) |
Cooked stuffing | 3-4 days | 1 month | |
Soups and stews (with meat or vegetables) | 3-4 days | 2-3 months |